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REVIEW ARTICLE
Year : 2020  |  Volume : 24  |  Issue : 2  |  Page : 66-73

Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: A comprehensive review


1 Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
2 Department of Dermatology; Department of Pathology; Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA

Correspondence Address:
Dr. Daniel J Lewis
Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 2 Maloney, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-4283
USA
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Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None


DOI: 10.4103/jdds.jdds_75_20

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Background: Cutaneous manifestations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may be among the initial signs of HIV-related immunosuppression. As such, recognizing HIV-related cutaneous manifestations may lead to the early diagnosis of HIV infection, enabling the prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy. Purpose: The objective of this article is to discuss the disease history, clinical findings, serologic findings, and treatment options of cutaneous manifestations of HIV. Methods: A nonsystematic review of the literature was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus from which relevant articles were analyzed and summarized in the article. Results: There are a number of dermatologic conditions associated with HIV infection, which can be grouped into various categories: acute HIV infection, bacterial infections, viral infections, fungal infections, parasitic infections, papulosquamous dermatoses, eczematous dermatoses, and miscellaneous disorders. Skin-related disorders observed in HIV may result from the viral infection itself or from opportunistic infections or skin disorders secondary to the immunocompromised state inherent to the infection. Many associated skin diseases are more severe in HIV-infected patients, particularly those with severe immunosuppression as seen in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Conclusion: Prompt recognition of these skin manifestations is critical to the initiation of disease-modifying antiretroviral therapy.


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